نمونه ترجمه تخصصی فیزیولوژی ورزشی درباره تأثیر تمرینات ثباتی گردن، ثبات مرکزی و ترکیبی بر روی درد

The effects of neck, core, and combined stabilization practices on pain

Musculoskeletal disorders refer to any damage to nervous and musculoskeletal systems that lead to disorders in the function of limbs [1]. Neck and upper limbs musculoskeletal problems are highly prevalent [4], so that about 67% of individuals experience at least one period of neck pain in their lives [5-8]. It is believed that the source of neck pain is multifactor, while in most of the cases, the pathophysiological mechanism of neck pain is not recognized [9]. Continuous neck pain for more than three months is considered as chronic pain. Moreover, 14% of neck pain cases are considered as chronic pain and 5% of it cause disability [10, 11]. Neck pain, like backpain, has the potential of becoming a chronic problem, which mostly results in long-term disability. Moreover, the costs of health care for such a long-term disability creates a considerable economic load and a serious challenge to health care systems [12]. So that, patients with chronic neck pain tend to use health-therapeutic services twice the others, which negatively affect the economy [8]. Several studies have shown that neck pain degrades the quality of life and job satisfaction level [13, 14]. Different factors cause neck pain and among them unhealthy habits and improper body position at work are notable. For instance, if the head bends forward when sitting behind a table to study, work with computer, or work, it creates an extra load on the neck anti-gravity muscles, which can be a starting point for chronic neck pain [15, 16]. The complication limits the natural range of motion and decreases performance of different body systems and musculoskeletal system in particular. Due to the decreased activity, the joints’ range of motion decreases and gradually the individual has to deal with less flexibility, muscles weakness, and decreased muscle strength and endurance. This situation prepares the ground for different types of pains in different parts of the body and neck in particular [14]. Senior citizens are among the vulnerable groups in society and need more health care services [17]. On the other hand, the elderly population is growing in the world so that while only13% of the world population in 2000 were older than 65 years old, in 2040, 20% of the world population will be older than 65% [18]. Neck pain is more prevalent in middle aged adults, which leads to severe disability in 5% of the individuals afflicted by the problem. The prevalence of the complication is worryingly growing along with development of societies [19, 20]; so that the prevalence is between 30-50% among adult population [21]. The problem is more common in women compared to men [1]. The main cause of chronic neck pain in the elderly is the gradual corrosion of the intervertebral disk and join facet, which mostly causes disorder in the nerve or spinal cord. In addition, the complication limits range of motion of the neck and rotatory motion in particular [23-25]. There are various treatments for chronic neck disorders such as traditional pain alleviation methods, group exercising, manual treatments, specific neck strengthening practices, and making ergonomic changes in work environment [26, 27].