نمونه ترجمه تخصصی بهداشت عمومی درباره فرایند مدیریت درد افراد مبتلا به سرطان

The process of pain management in cancer patients

Pain is the most common and important symptoms of cancer progress and also the main stressor for patients and their families [1-5]. Etiology of cancer pain is multi-aspect and it is the outcome of the damaging effects of the disease on different body limbs or the secondary effects of anticancer treatments like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or surgery [6-8]. Metastasis and involvement of other body limbs bring a variety of pains to the patient and depending on the progress level of the disease and treatment, the pain can be oscillating in nature and need adjustments of pain alleviation approaches [1, 9]. In most cases, the severity of cancer pain ranges from moderate to severe [3] and it is estimated that 70-80% of patients with advanced cancer suffer severe pains [10]. In general, 50-70% of cancer patients experience different levels of pain, while only one half of them receive adequate palliative treatments [2, 8, 11]. As the disease advances and when the treatments become ineffective, pain alleviation becomes the main objective. In fact, at the final stages of the disease, pain alleviation becomes the centerpiece of the cares provided to the patient [4, 12]. From the patients and family care givers’ viewpoints, pain management is more than a mere pain monitoring and following therapeutic and palliative instructions so that it encompasses the foundations of lives of these patients and their care givers [13]. In fact, pain assessment and management are of the biggest challenges for cancer patients and their families [9]. Non-alleviated pain in cancer patients leads to disruption of their tranquility, capabilities, motivations, their interactions with family members and friends, and the quality of lives. These in turn lead to depression, anxiety, frustration, sexual performance problems, and limitation in daily activities. Not-controlled pains are of the factors that even lead patients towards committing suicide [7]. Thereby, these patients need their families’ full support. In fact, the main portion of the care provided to patients with advanced cancer happens at home. Strategies to attenuated the costs of health care systems emphasize more on the role of home environment and family care givers as the first line of care providers for patients with advanced cancer in long-term [3, 14, 15]. In this regard, family is the main source of providing care to cancer patients [12, 16-18]. On the other hand, many patients, especially those at the final stages of their disease prefer home and receive care from the family members [19].