نمونه ترجمه تخصصی بهداشت عمومی درباره الگوهای دانستن در مراقبت بالینی

Patterns of knowing in clinical care

According to Watson (1996), caring is the essence and central piece of nursing performance; still, there is no well-defined process for providing a holistic care. Holistic and humanistic care needs respecting ethics and emotions, showing sympathy, empathy, and perseverance, and using knowledge, reason, and wisdom (Fawcett and Desanto-Madeya, 2012). The patient’s experience is one of the pillars of assessing the quality of care (Doyle, Lennox, and Bell, 2013). The quality of nursing care from the patients’ viewpoint depends on the nurse’s communicational skills, informing the patient, providing timely support, and extending the support beyond the norms (Edvardsson, Watt, and Pearce, 2017). However, there are evidences that show a moderate level of satisfaction in patients with the quality of nursing care (Farahani, Shamsikhani, and Hazavey, 2014); so that despite the strong belief in nurses, patients’ satisfaction is below a desirable level due to the lack of an adequate care. It is said that patients’ satisfaction might be improved by registered nurses staffing (RN staffing) (Aiken et al., 2018). However, the academic knowledge is not the only factor in the quality of nursing care as nursing care only based on objective knowledge might be unsafe, of low quality, and disease-oriented rather than patient-oriented (Lisa Carnago and Mast, 2015). Therefore, while the majority of nursing staff in Iran hold a bachelors’ degree (Niazi, Jahani and Mahmoodi, 2016) and in some cases have the adequate knowledge, they fail to provide preventing and desirable care (Saifollahi et al., 2016). In fact, providing quality care is a not a linear process and subject to one protocol or nursing skill (Harrison et al., 2019). Therefore, having a university degree, long work experience, being a registered nurse, low workload, and working in well-equipped hospitals do not guarantee a quality nursing care. This is supported by the high rate of instances of neglecting a nursing care protocol, limiting cares to the essentials, pharmaceutical errors, hospital infection, and patients falling off the bed (Lucero, Lake, and Aiken, 2010). Caring is the centerpiece of nursing and it is a relationship between two individuals accompanied with love, empathy and forgiveness (Watson, 2008). However, nurses job is called “uncaring” when they do not perceive the patient as a person and are inconsiderate about his/her competence and the effect of their job on the patient. Uncaring is a great obstacle for the nurse to understand the patient (Halldorsodottie and Hamrin, 1997). Inconsideration is a sign of lack of interest to somebody (patient) that appears as insensitivity, coldness, and lack of humanity (Soderman, Rosendahl and Sallstrom, 2018). Uncaring is also featured with depriving, inadequate care, and ignoring. On the other hand, caring is featured with giving hope, spending more time and energy, or going the extra mile (Cheruiyot an Brysiewicz, 2019).