Chelidonium majus L essential oil phytochemical effects
Non-communicable diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world (World Health Organization- WHO 2018) and it is expected that cancer will become the main barrier of higher life expectancy in the 21st century. According to the estimates by WHO, cancer was either the first or second cause of below 70 years deaths in 91 countries out of 172 countries in 2015. In addition, the disease was at the third or fourth position in 22 other countries (WHO 2018). The highest prevalence rates of new cases of cancers are in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and the west and north of Europe, while the lowest prevalence rates are in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (Jemal A, Bray F2011, Parkin DM, 2002). After cardiovascular diseases and accidents, cancer is the third cause of death in Iran (Mousavi SM2009). It is one of the main health problems in many developed and developing countries (Etemadi A, 2008, Cabanes A2010, Mehrabani D2008). Breast cancer constitutes one-third of all cancers in women so that it is the second prevalent cancer after lung cancer and the most common cause of cancer-caused death in women (Berek, Janatans 2012). Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women all around the world and its prevalence is growing in Iran (Yavari P, Mosavizdeh 2005). Plants are potential sources for developing chemotherapy medicines and preventing cancer. In general, people prefer herbal medicine over chemical ones as they see plants as natural medicines that can improve man’s health (Dmitri, 2015). Chelidonium majus L (CML) is an allogamous plant from Papaveraceae family, which is, in the Middle East, only found in Iran and Turkey. In Iran, it is mostly found in the north and northeast (Guilan, Golestan, and Mazandaran). The medical properties of the plant have been recognized since 1996. It is used, among many, for treating infection, dermatitis, skin cancer, and preventing kidney stone (Barenes J., Anderson, 2007, Jakovlijevic, Z. D. 2013, Kour B., Kour, G 2014). There are several studies on biochemical and medical aspects of CMEO. The climate and ecological condition in Iran have added to diversity and richness of medical plants in this country. This calls for comprehensive studies on using these plants given the recent surge of attention to medical plants in the world (Jemal A, Bray F, 2011). Therefore, we need a basic plan to develop and expand activities on medical plants, which is only possible through accurate market studies, recognizing potentials, and finding the original habitats in the country. Nanoparticles are widely used in pharmaceutical industry.
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