نمونه ترجمه تخصصی پرستاری درباره حمایت اجتماعی درک شده واسترس درک شده در زنان مبتلا به دیابت بارداری

perceived social support and stress in GDM

Gestational diabetes (GDM) refers to different levels carbohydrates intolerance that is appeared or diagnosed during pregnancy (1). The complication is a health problem all around the world (2). Global prevalence of GDM is 7.0%, while its prevalence in Europe, Africa and Asia is 5.4% (4), 14% (5), and 0.7-51.0% (6-8) respectively. Based on the results of 14 studies in different cities of Iran, prevalence of GDM ranges from 1.3% to 8.9% (9). The complication is a cause of mortality and morbidity of mothers and fetus in the world (10-13). Mothers with such problem are at a high risk of hypertension induced by pregnancy, preeclampsia, and Caesarian delivery [14]. Moreover, women with a history of GDM are also at a higher risk of diabetes II and cardiovascular diseases (15-16). Infants of these mothers are also at the risk of macrosomia, genital anomalies, hypoglycemia in infants, and diabetes II (17-19). Pregnancy is a critical stage in a woman’s live that needs psychological adaptation. It is also a period of stress and anxiety (20). Stress is one of the effective factors in the increase of blood sugar, which leads to higher prenatal mortality and morbidity rates (21). Perceived stress refers to one’s inability to adapt to a stressful situation (22). As shown by studies, with an increase in the number of perceived stress in daily life, the risk of development of glucose metabolism disorder increases. Hayase et al. (2014) found that women with GDM experience a high level of anxiety comparing with healthy pregnant women (23). Hui et al. reported that women with GDM and the mothers who use injectional insulin in particular, perceive a higher level of stress (24). Social support is the strongest force to face stressful situation in an easy and successful manner so that is can facilitate coping with problems in patients. Lack of social support affects mental condition of mothers during pregnancy and afterwards (21). Perceived support is equal to satisfaction with and knowledge of social support along with positive emotions. Receiving social support depends on the availability of evident emotional supports like actual helps provided by family and friends. It is possible to determine the level of social support through measuring the number of supporters and access to different form of social support (25). Several studies have been done on perceived and received social support. Perceived social support is a reliable predictor of wellbeing and health (26). Social support during pregnancy is one of the effective factors in adaptation with the motherhood role (27). Karkon et al. (2011) showed in their study that social support has to do with controlling diabetes (28). Moreover, social support in diabetic patients is defined as a psychological viewpoint towards social networking along with one’s ability to adapt to the disease (29).